By Stefan Horn, Daniel Wietstock, Martin Pioch
Below are the promises that the Internet connected as a means / vehicle of the policy since the 70s, and the change in the discussion about the reality of the Internet in relation to policy are presented. For this, the development of the Internet is divided into three phases. The first phase starts about 1970 and ends at the beginning of the 1990s and dedicated to the early days of the Internet and the role of television. The second phase starts from 1990 until around 2001, and provides important political concepts and the development of the "New Economy "before. From that date, including the final phase to the current present in which it is primarily for social networking, Web 2.0 is and political legitimacy problems.
The beginnings of the development to 1990:
The term "Internet" was originally a communications network of military and scientific research linked. The military use of split off in 1983. As a principle, open network it replaced the TV as a central medium from growing. As a result, the Internet grew exponentially. It was 1996, approximately 10,000 Internet pages, 2000, the number of Web pages to two million and are now about 97 million websites worldwide online.
1990-2001: From the "information highway" to the "New Economy"
In the 1990's, several new concepts, such as the term "information superhighway" by Al Gore in the USA in 1993, in Germany according to the term "information superhighway". The Internet was in the episode as the third wave of development, the so-called "Knowledge Age", considered. Gained political importance of the concepts of "cyber democracy" and "deliberation": Internet intended as a "democratic marketplace" according to Athens, as a separate political space communications could take place by the citizens to the political system and the citizens themselves. The "deliberation" as a development of "cyber democracy" could also have the argumentative discussion, the discussion on property level and moderated chat rooms as an important basis (example: "Publikom" the city of Munster).
followed later in the concept of "e-Democracy", which saw the citizens as "customers" of the political system and the political actor as a service.
From the 90 final Years were IT companies as the industry of the future, so that this area was the term used "New Economy". At first he was linked with high hopes on financial wealth, especially through stock trading, later connected to the bursting of the dot-com bubble "with both the rise and the fall of many IT companies.
2000 to present: "Web 2.0", "E-governance and political interests became increasingly
With the turn of 2000/2001 easy for anyone to-use forms of communication, such as chats and blogs on. As a result, were "social networks" with increasingly global scale. The concept of "Web 2.0" was a synonym for many-to-many communication. At the political level was the concept of e-governance, are involved in the discussions by citizens in political decisions at local level. An example is the platform "DEMOS" in Hamburg.
Conclusion:
As before, but the Internet transmission of old patterns characterized, there is no specific Internet Media dispositive "because much of the potential could not be realized. In particular are the representativeness and untapped user communities and the total of existing politics is a problem dar. So it is apparently still in an "experimental phase".
Sources:
Bauer, Werner (2003): Internet and democracy - a democratic process of the network?. Vienna: Austrian Society for policy advice and development.
Grunwald, Armin; Banse, Gerhard; Hennen, Leonhard (2006): Net population and digital democracy - trends of political communication on the Internet. Berlin: Edition sigma.
Welz, Hans-Georg (2002): From Politics and Contemporary History - Political Communication and Internet communications. Bonn: Federal Agency for Civic Education.
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