The painted stone boxes
draft text for the book "Germany in the Bronze Age" (1996) by Ernst Probst old German spelling
on both sides of the lower Saale, Sachsen-Anhalt spread from about 1300/1200 to 800 BC, the habitat of the Saale estuarine group that was concentrated mainly in Köthen / Bernburg country. This community was only slightly beyond the Elbe to take hold. The term "Saale estuarine group" was proposed in 1935 by the then National Museum in Halle / Saale working prehistorian Hellmut Agde (1909-1940).
neighbors of the Saale estuarine group were in the south of the helmet village groups, in the West Lüneburg group in the north of the Elbe-Havel-group of the Nordic Bronze Age and the younger East Spindlersfeld group of the Lusatian culture. With members of this but also other communities, people had the Saale estuarine group contact and they run exchanges.
In studies of human cremations from cist graves of the Saale estuarine group anthropologists have found a strikingly high mortality rate among children and adolescents. Sometimes came up with ten non-adult adults only three deaths.
The fabric for the clothing of linen or wool was produced on looms. Remains of about three meters wide loom of an unknown amount arrived in the settlement of Wallwitz1 (District Jerichower country) not far from Magdeburg to light. It consisted of post holes of the wooden construction of the loom and clay loom weights around in a settlement pit. The Wallwitz
could loom - as the lining of the loom weights led - manufacture of cloth of about two meters wide. This equipment has been destroyed by fire. When burning the clay loom weights were lotgerecht the warp threads on a length of 2.45 meters in the pit.
The pyramidal loom weights of Wallwitz are about 16 to 18 centimeters long and the top third pierced so that the warp threads could be attached. The
at several Holes formed by warp threads to wear and drag marks show prolonged use of loom weights.
were often created the settlements near a stream or river. Most of them had only a circular storage pits obtained. There was dirt and secured with a moat and wall settlements.
The unpaved village of Wallwitz comprised 16 houses. A bronze depot in one of these buildings is interpreted by the excavator Heribert Stahlhofen from Halle / Saale as victims or votive gifts. This might be after him - an act in view of foundation sacrifices that you accomplished in order to ask for the residents of the house of happiness and blessing - not uncontroversial.
The combination of Bronze Depot with jewelry (bracelet, spiral disk fibula), weapon (spear tip) and implement (sickle fragment), composed from both female and of male ownership interest could be an indication for a joint offering of the residents. But even a craftsman Depot is not entirely exclude, separated because of the crescent a short distance and was used for other purposes.
had about 200 meters from the site of this depot is only decades earlier discovered another depot, the two bronze Armbergen or leg rings included.
How big were the houses of that time, occupied by a finding from the district Köthen Wulfen. There exposed the outline of a post house is about 14 feet long and five meters wide.
Using an animal bone from one of the stone box graves of Altenburg (Kreis Bernburg) was shown to the keeping of sheep. That one also had horses as pets, show findings from Halle / Saale Kanena and Wall joke (District Jerichower country). The fuselage separated from the horse's head from Halle-Kanena was interpreted by the archaeologist Walter Schultz (1887-1982) from Halle / Saale as an offering.
The pottery of the Saale estuarine group are often smoothed and polished. Unlike the bright, leather-brown pottery of the Lusatian culture are those of the Saale estuarine group mostly a dark gray-brown or dark gray to blackish Color. Belonged to the ceramic cylinder neck terrine, hopper shells Doppelkoni, two-celled henke amphorae, cups, jugs, storage jars, clay plate, bowls of Radkreuzmuster inside and outside and Sauggefäße. The
Sauggefäße for feeding of infants were partially modeled in the shape of a bull. Such objects have been recovered from graves in Aschersleben and Staßfurt Leopold Hall (Aschersleben both circuit-Staßfurt). They each have a slender, lemon-shaped body. The Sauggefäß of Aschersleben is a stand-up, provided by the Staßfurt Leopoldshall contrast with four feet.
Of the Saale estuarine people were also pottery imported from other cultures. Millaway a bowl in front of the fire used bronze rivets Dessau-Großkühnau of the southern urnfield culture, a double vessel in Wulfen (district Köthen) from the Bohemian Knovízer culture and a cup of Osternienburg (district Köthen) from the Lusatian culture.
question is the purpose of a 15.6 cm long Tonhorns from Calbe / Saale (District Schönebeck) that resembles a horse's head. Because adhering to the small opening of this object remains with verdigris copper and it has been exposed to extreme heat, it is interpreted as a blower's nozzle, the smaller opening extended into the interior of the furnace. A similar specimen from Hrádek at Kramolín in Moravia contains a piece of copper on the inner wall.
Among the bronze sickles button tools, sales and bronze winged axes and saws. In addition to bronze tools were also those made of rock. In an NEM-cist grave of Großwirschleben (Kreis Bernburg) was the blade of a hatchet surviving fragment of rock. From
Schadeleben (District Aschersleben-Staßfurt) there is a bronze basin slopes. It is nine inches high, has a diameter of 21.2 centimeters and was found together with a plate primer.
The members of the Saale estuarine group have sometimes exchanged metal vessels. As a kind imported goods the bronze cup of Osternienburg (district Köthen). It is decorated on the floor with a six-pointed star pattern. As
rare find is the badly damaged vessel of gold Krottorf (Bördekreis). It is six inches high, has a diameter of 13 centimeters and 68.7 grams
weighs in area of Halle / Saale many clay devices have been recovered, which were used for salt production. These are pillars that supported the hearths filled with salt Tonwannen. In the wells have been destined for barter salt dried, shaped and hardened. A salt-boiling settlement was also the former Salty sea at Erdeborn (District Mansfeld).
horses served as a riding, train and sacrifice animals. Two pieces of a bronze horse bridle were found in Calbe / Saale (District Schönebeck). One of them is
15.5 inches long and weighs 150 grams and the other is 16 inches long and 127 grams. Both parts are provided with eyelets.
A find from Altenburg (district Bernburg) shows that even some children wore jewelry. The urn containing the cremated remains of a child contained three small rings of bronze wire.
Even gold jewelry you could afford in the area of the Saale estuarine group. From Neuendorf am Damm / Karritz (Altmark Salzwedel) known a bronze jewelry box containing two gold rings in the form of wire coils. In Spergau (Merseburg-Querfurt) was a clay pot recovered a gold ring of knobs and a double wire twisted gold wire spiral of finger size.
On the Art of the Saale estuarine group is not known. The found in a grave, 70 inches long, 25 centimeters wide and ten centimeters thick stone image of Pfützthal (Saalkreis) in Saxony-Anhalt, was probably formed as early as the Neolithic and reused as construction material. This stone is decorated with an image upside-down, drawn-T, which will probably be a human nose. Below is a horizontal line that probably represents the mouth. There are four semi-circular lines indicate necklace, and in the middle The plate has two rows of interlocking horizontal angle.
In the earlier phase of the Saale estuarine group (period IV) occurred the cremation burials in stone boxes or stone box graves. They lay together in groups of three to five graves. The cremated remains of mostly one, sometimes two dead were each poured into a large cylindrical neck terrine and put into the grave.
other hand, we took in the recent period (Period V), the cremations exclusively in stone boxes, which began sometimes several small clay pots with the cremated 2:00 to 5:00 people. Each buried in the stone boxes people are probably not died all at the same time. It These were not about grave Set of complete families, but only certain family members.
The urns were used as cylindrical neck terrines and sometimes empty cups or dishes made with clay pots filled as grave goods. For this purpose, were glasses, bowls, cups, mugs and terrines use.
lmportant dead were probably painted the inside stone boxes reserved. In the 1913 cist discovered at Gallows Hill in Großwirschleben (Kreis Bernburg) the walls and ceiling inside the grave of the remains of a white board covered with fine sand mixed clay. The walls had been decorated with horizontal colored stripes. At the North wall was followed by a black band of five centimeters wide five irregular red streaks of two to 3.5 centimeters wide, which were interrupted by four millimeters wide and the white-gray clay. Several
painted stone boxes came in 1853 or 1854 for the removal of the 'Long' mountain, one of two grave mounds at Baalberge (Kreis Bernburg), to light. Most of them are said to have the inside painted red. One of these graves was allegedly kept from top to bottom in white, black and red.
belonged to the cult group Saale estuarine food offerings, skull burials, human sacrifice and ritual cannibalism motivated. Such practices were then in other cultures of that time known.
food offerings one has offered up in a very carefully produced and decorated pottery. Such a votive offering, for example, are known in the circle of Aken Köthen.
Scattered Burials human skull can be most likely to indicate a cult. Maybe his head was seen as the most important part of the body, and it has therefore dealt with in some cases more. A skull was discovered in burial Klebs (District Jerichower country).
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